精萘對人體具有顯著的危害，主要包括急性中毒、慢性中毒以及其他特定部位的損害。以下是對這些危害的詳細(xì)闡述：

　　Naphthalene has significant harm to the human body, mainly including acute poisoning, chronic poisoning, and damage to other specific parts. The following is a detailed explanation of these hazards:

　　一、急性中毒

　　1、 Acute poisoning

　　當(dāng)人體短時間吸入大量萘蒸氣或粉塵時，可能發(fā)生急性中毒。其癥狀主要包括：

　　When the human body inhales a large amount of naphthalene vapor or dust in a short period of time, acute poisoning may occur. The main symptoms include:

　　眼及呼吸道刺激，角膜渾濁。

　　Eye and respiratory irritation, corneal opacity.

　　頭痛、惡心、嘔吐、食欲減退。

　　Headache, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite.

　　腰痛、尿頻，尿中出現(xiàn)蛋白及紅白細(xì)胞。

　　Lower back pain, frequent urination, presence of protein and red and white cells in urine.

　　視神經(jīng)炎和視網(wǎng)膜炎，嚴(yán)重者可發(fā)生中毒性腦病和肝損害。

　　Optic neuritis and retinitis can lead to toxic encephalopathy and liver damage in severe cases.

　　口服中毒則主要引起溶血和肝、腎損害，甚至導(dǎo)致急性腎衰竭和肝壞死。

　　Oral poisoning mainly causes hemolysis and liver and kidney damage, and even leads to acute kidney failure and liver necrosis.

　　二、慢性中毒

　　2、 Chronic poisoning

　　長期低濃度接觸萘蒸氣或粉塵可能導(dǎo)致慢性中毒。其癥狀主要包括：

　　Long term low concentration exposure to naphthalene vapor or dust may lead to chronic poisoning. The main symptoms include:

　　頭痛、乏力、惡心、嘔吐。

　　Headache, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.

　　血液系統(tǒng)損害，如白細(xì)胞減少、血小板減少等。

　　Damage to the blood system, such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, etc.

　　造血功能障礙，表現(xiàn)為再生障礙性貧血和骨髓增生異常綜合征。

　　Hematopoietic dysfunction, manifested as aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.

　　還可引起白內(nèi)障、視神經(jīng)炎和視網(wǎng)膜病變，以及皮炎等皮膚損害。

　　It can also cause cataracts, optic neuritis, retinopathy, as well as skin damage such as dermatitis.

　　三、其他特定部位的損害

　　3、 Damage to other specific areas

　　神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)：高濃度萘蒸氣可引起中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的麻醉作用，導(dǎo)致意識模糊、深度昏迷和抽搐，嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致呼吸、心跳停止而死亡。

　　Nervous system: High concentrations of naphthalene vapor can cause anesthesia in the central nervous system, leading to confusion, deep coma, and convulsions. In severe cases, it can cause respiratory and cardiac arrest and death.

　　肝、腎：萘對肝、腎具有顯著的毒性作用，可引起溶血性貧血及肝、腎損害，嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致急性腎衰竭和肝壞死。

　　Liver and kidneys: Naphthalene has significant toxic effects on the liver and kidneys, which can cause hemolytic anemia and liver and kidney damage. In severe cases, it can lead to acute kidney failure and liver necrosis.

　　皮膚：皮膚接觸萘可引起皮炎，對皮膚敏感者尤為嚴(yán)重。

　　Skin: Skin contact with naphthalene can cause dermatitis, especially for those with sensitive skin.

　　眼睛：萘蒸氣或粉塵接觸眼睛可引起眼及呼吸道刺激，角膜渾濁，嚴(yán)重時可導(dǎo)致視神經(jīng)炎和視網(wǎng)膜炎。

　　Eyes: Contact with naphthalene vapor or dust can cause eye and respiratory irritation, corneal opacity, and in severe cases, can lead to optic neuritis and retinitis.

　　四、預(yù)防措施

　　4、 Preventive measures

　　為了預(yù)防精萘對人體的危害，應(yīng)采取以下措施：

　　To prevent the harm of refined naphthalene to the human body, the following measures should be taken:

　　在生產(chǎn)和使用萘的場所，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)局部通風(fēng)和個人防護(hù)，佩戴過濾式防毒面具、空氣呼吸器或氧氣呼吸器，以及化學(xué)防護(hù)眼鏡和橡膠手套等防護(hù)用品。

　　In places where naphthalene is produced and used, local ventilation and personal protection should be strengthened, and filter gas masks, air respirators or oxygen respirators should be worn, as well as protective equipment such as chemical protective goggles and rubber gloves.

　　禁止在工作現(xiàn)場吸煙、進(jìn)食和飲水，以防止萘通過呼吸道、消化道等途徑進(jìn)入人體。

　　Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the workplace to prevent naphthalene from entering the human body through respiratory and digestive pathways.

　　定期對接觸萘的人員進(jìn)行健康檢查，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和處理健康問題。

　　Regularly conduct health checks on individuals who come into contact with naphthalene, and promptly identify and address health issues.

　　綜上所述，精萘對人體具有顯著的危害，應(yīng)引起高度重視。在接觸和使用萘?xí)r，應(yīng)采取嚴(yán)格的預(yù)防措施，確保人員安全。

　　In summary, refined naphthalene poses significant harm to the human body and should be highly valued. Strict precautions should be taken when coming into contact with and using naphthalene to ensure personnel safety.

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